EPA OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    EPA/625/R/92/013           Revised July 2003

                                           Control of Pathogens and Vector Attractions      

[EPA FAILED TO UPDATE THIS LIST FROM 1989 or define colifom as a pathogenic group]

Table 2-1. Principal Pathogens of Concern in Domestic sewage and sludge

Organism                          Disease /Symptom
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Salmonellosis (food poisoning), typhoid fever

Bacillary dysentery
Acute gastroenteritis (including
diarrhea, abdominal pain)
Cholera
Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis



Infectious hepatitis Epidemic gastroenteritis with severe
diarrhea
Acute gastroenteritis with severe diarrhea



Poliomyelitis
Meningitis, pneumonia, hepatitis, fever, cold-like
symptoms, etc.
Meningitis, paralysis, encephalitis, fever, cold-like
symptoms, diarrhea, etc.
Respiratory infections, gastroenteritis
Epidemic gastroenteritis
Epidemic gastroenteritis


Gastroenteritis
Acute enteritis
Giardiasis (including diarrhea, abdominal cramps,
weight loss)
Diarrhea and dysentery
Toxoplasmosis


Digestive and nutritional disturbances, abdominal pain,
vomiting, restlessness
May produce symptoms such as coughing, chest pain,
and fever
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, weight loss

Fever, abdominal discomfort, muscle aches,
neurological symptoms
Nervousness, insomnia, anorexia, abdominal pain,
digestive disturbances
Nervousness, insomnia, anorexia, abdominal pain,
digestive disturbances
Hookworm disease
Taeniasis
Bacteria

Salmonella sp.

Shlgella sp..
Yersinia sp.

Vibrio cholerae
Campylobacter jejuni
Escherichia coli
(pathogenic strains)

Enteric Viruses
Hepatitis A virus
Norwalk and
Norwalk-like viruses
Rotaviruses

Enteroviruses
Polioviruses
Coxsackieviruses

Echoviruses

Reovirus
Astroviruses
Caliciviruses

Protozoa
Cryptosporidium
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia

Balantidium coli
Toxop/asma gondii

Helminth Worms
Ascaris lumbricoides

Ascaris suum

Trichuris trichiura

Toxocara canis

Taenia saginafa

Taenia solium

Necator americanus
Hymenolepis nana
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Kowal (1985, and EPA (1989)